CADR to Immuno-modulators

Immunomodulators are a diverse class of drugs designed to modify the immune system. They can either enhance or suppress immune responses, depending on the therapeutic goals. This lecture will focus on the cutaneous adverse drug reactions (cADRs) caused by immunomodulators used in cancer treatment, mainly the immune checkpoint inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies. The commonest associated cADRs include maculopapular rash, psoriasiform, eczematous, and lichenoid dermatoses. Other less frequent cADRs include bullous pemphigoid, vitiligo-like skin hypopigmentation/depigmentation and alopecia. Management includes vigilant monitoring and the use of topical and systemic treatment that would improve skin-related adverse effects while optimizing therapeutic outcomes of the immuno-modulators.